Why ending a toxic relationship is easier said than done

Esther Oon-Bybjerg
A man and a woman are sitting on a park bench.

It’s a universally known adage that relationships are hard work, conflicts are normal and rough patches are par for the course. While it is true every relationship goes through highs and lows, these platitudes can cause one to turn a blind eye to red flags in their love life, particularly those indicative of a toxic relationship.

 

In recent years, I often encounter clients who, despite feeling anguished, lonely, undervalued in their relationships, choose to stay with their abusive or neglectful partner. Many have also turned away from unwavering support and well-intended advice from caring friends and family who tell them that they deserve better and that they should just get out of the relationship. It is however easier said than done for those who find themselves caught in such a dilemma.

 

What does a toxic relationship look like?

Being in a toxic relationship is sometimes hard to recognise since the abuse can be slow and subtle in nature (King, 2018). It is never about an isolated episode, but the cumulative effect of persistent criticism, contempt, intimidation, manipulation and other forms of abuse. Such relationships are mentally, emotionally and sometimes physically damaging and draining. Those in a toxic relationship tend to find themselves constantly walking on eggshells for fear of triggering their partner, making excuses to justify the abusive partner’s behaviours, frequently taking the fall or apologising for things that are not their fault, withdrawing socially and so on. Such relationship stress often gives rise to chronic feelings such as a sense of inadequacy, low self-esteem and worth, shame, guilt, anxiety, confusion, helplessness.

 

So why is it that such pain, exhaustion, frustration and anguish are not enough to make one decide to cut the cord and move on? What is it about toxic relationships that makes them difficult, or even seemingly impossible to end?

 

Apart from the obvious practical reasons such as financial and/or parenting considerations, there are also some deeper psychological factors that explain why leaving is easier said than done.

 

1. Low self esteem

Research has shown that people with low self-esteem are more susceptible to toxic relationships because of their core beliefs and perception about themselves. If one believes that they are not good or worthy enough, they are more likely to have lower expectations and tend to get involved with a partner who perpetuates their beliefs. In fact, those who have low self-worth are more likely to stay in a toxic relationship because they believe that they cannot do any better (Luciano & Orth, 2017). They also tend to display more people-pleasing tendencies and are more hesitant to stand up for themselves or set boundaries when they are treated badly. It is also important to note that the more they stay in a toxic relationship, the further their self-esteem erodes, creating a vicious cycle, making it increasingly difficult to leave.

 

 

2. Addicted to the lure of intermittent reinforcement

In a toxic relationship, the abused is regularly subjected to consistent bouts of cruel, callous, and abusive treatment with a few occasional and unpredictable displays of extreme affection and rewards. These are known as intermittent reinforcement tactics that the abusive partner uses to manipulate or control, and can include sending apology notes and flowers after a silent treatment or giving extravagant gifts with promises to change after a series of brutal verbal attacks.

 

Intermittent reinforcement tactics keep people stuck and unable to break free because they are linked to the reward circuits of the brain that are associated with compulsions (Carnes & Phillips, 2019). Research has shown that unpredictable relationships are particularly dopamine-inducing. Intermittent reinforcement used the abusive partner feeds into our dopamine system because dopamine flows more readily when the rewards are given out on an unpredictable schedule, rather than predictably. Their abusive partner’s unreliability and inconsistency make them crave for the rewards, often doing everything they can to get it in order to get back to the comfort of the “honeymoon phase” of the cycle.

 

When one is living the abuse cycle, it is exceptionally hard to break out of it. People often fall into the trap of seeing the abuser’s sporadic acts of empathy and affection as positive traits, causing them to find excuses to justify the partner’s abuse or neglect. They also derive hope from these random “positive” acts, believing that their relationships will get better, and they get sucked back in until another cycle of abuse hits again. 


3. Fear of being single

The fear of being single is another factor that makes one rather tolerate or stay in a toxic relationship than to be single. Researchers (Spielmann et al., 2013) discovered that during relationship initiation and maintenance, those who have anxieties about being single may prioritize relationship status above relationship quality, settling for less and remaining in relationships that are less satisfying. In fact, the fear of being single can be so overwhelming that one would rather be with a “wrong somebody” than be with nobody.

 

4.Sunk Cost effect

Another reason that makes it compelling for people to stay in unhappy relationships is the sunk cost fallacy. Studies have shown that people are more likely to stay in a relationship in which they have invested time, money and effort. This underlines the sunk cost effect which “occurs when a prior investment in one option leads to a continuous investment in that option, despite it not being the best decision." (Rego et al., 2018). This suggests that people stay in unsatisfying relationships despite all their pain and suffering because they don’t want to feel their effort, time or money go to waste.

 

5. Pro-sociality inclination 

The decision to end a romantic relationship, even an unhealthy one, can have a life-changing impact on the partner as well as the self. Recent research has shed light on how altruism is one of the considerations that can hamper one’s decision to leave their abusive partner. In other words, when people make decisions that impact others, they take those others’ feelings and perspectives into consideration.

 

The research by Impett & Spielmann (2018) which studied 1,800 people showed that when one is deciding whether to end a relationship or not, they consider not only their own desires, but also how much they think their partner wants and needs the relationship to continue. In fact, the more dependent people believed their partner was on the relationship, the less likely they were to initiate their breakup. This offers an explanation as to why it is not as straightforward to end the toxic relationship as much as they know it is the right thing to do.

 

What can be done?

The recognition and acknowledgement of a toxic relationship and the reasons that keep one stuck in it is just the first step to finding a resolution to the predicament. Aptly put by Carolyn Gamble, motivational speaker and expert on toxic relationships, “Love should never cost you your peace, It should never cost you your joy. It should never cost you your happiness. If there’s more negative in your situation than positive, something has to change.”

 

Thankfully, taking action does not have to be a solo task. The next step could involve seeking help from relationship-trained therapists to help one explore their innermost fears and ambivalence; open their mind to new perspectives, enable them to regain self esteem and empower them to access choices as well as to make decisions that are aligned with their life values.

 

 

 

 

 

References

Carnes, P., & Phillips, B. (2019). The betrayal bond: Breaking free of exploitive relationships. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications.

 

Joel, S., Impett, E. A., Spielmann, S. S., & MacDonald, G. (2018). How interdependent are stay/leave decisions? On staying in the relationship for the sake of the romantic partner. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(5), 805–824. 

 

King, J. (2018). Too Good to go, Too Bad to Stay: Five Steps to Finding Freedom From a Toxic Relationship. Morgan James Publishing.

 

Luciano, E. C., & Orth, U. (2017). Transitions in romantic relationships and development of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112,307-328

 

Rego, S., Arantes, J. & Magalhães, P. (2018) Is there a sunk cost effect in committed relationships?. Curr Psychol 37, 508–519 


Spielmann, S. S., MacDonald, G., Maxwell, J. A., Joel, S., Peragine, D., Muise, A., & Impett, E. A. (2013). Settling for less out of fear of being single. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 1049–1073. 

The Quiet Struggle Many Women Carry: When Friendship Doesn’t Feel Like Home

By Aki Tsukui Director of Wellness - Leadership & Systemic Coach, Transformational Facilitator • April 30, 2026
In my recent work, I’ve begun to notice a pattern. Many women across different stages of life are quietly struggling. Not with something obvious, but with something much harder to name. Friendship. On the surface, life looks full. There are social circles, dinners, invitations, people to message on a Friday night. There is connection. And yet, beneath that, there is a quiet, persistent feeling: Something doesn’t feel quite right. The Reality Beneath Connection So many friendships begin through circumstance. We meet people through work, shared environments, mutual communities, or simply being in the same phase of life. And naturally, connection forms. These relationships can be warm, supportive, and genuinely meaningful. They often arrive at a time when we need them most: when life is shifting, when we are finding our footing, when we don’t want to feel alone. But there is something many women don’t say out loud: Some friendships are built on situation, not alignment. And over time, that difference begins to surface, not as conflict, but as a quiet undercurrent. The Discomfort That’s Hard to Explain What I hear from female clients is rarely dramatic. It’s the sense of not being fully themselves. Of subtly managing energy instead of simply being. Of leaving an interaction feeling slightly drained, without knowing why. Nothing is obviously wrong. No one has done anything hurtful. In fact, these friendships often include kind, thoughtful people who have shared important moments with us. Which is exactly why it’s so confusing. Because when nothing is broken, it becomes harder to trust the feeling that something isn’t quite right. When Gratitude Silences Truth Many women carry a deep sense of appreciation for the people in their lives. These friendships may have supported them through transitions, offered belonging, or simply been there when it mattered. So, when discomfort arises, it is often softened: I should be grateful. Maybe I’m overthinking this. But gratitude and misalignment can exist at the same time. You can value what a friendship has given you and still feel that it no longer reflects who you are becoming. The Quiet Cost Because there is no clear reason to question the relationship, the adjustment often happens internally. It looks like small things: holding back certain thoughts, avoiding deeper conversations, feeling slightly “on” instead of at ease. Even a quiet sense of relief when plans fall through. Individually, these moments seem insignificant. But over time, they create distance, not from others, but from yourself. Why We Stay Friendships are rarely just about one person. They are intertwined with shared circles, familiar routines, and a sense of belonging that extends beyond a single connection. Which is why stepping back can feel so much bigger than it seems. There is also the quiet weight of beginning again. Building new connections asks for openness. Letting go, even with care, asks for truth. And so, many women stay, not because it feels right, but because it feels easier than facing what change might require. The Quiet Turning Point And yet, something begins to shift. Not suddenly, but gradually. A quiet awareness surfaces: I don’t think I can keep showing up like this. This isn’t about blame or judgment. It’s about noticing yourself more honestly. Where you feel open, and where you feel restricted. Where connection flows, and where it feels effortful. Redefining Connection The shift doesn’t need to be dramatic. It often begins in small, almost invisible ways. Speaking a little more honestly. Setting a gentle boundary. Choosing where you place your time and energy with greater intention. And slowly, things begin to change. Some friendships deepen because they can meet you there. Some soften into something lighter. Some quietly fall away. A Different Kind of Belonging What many women are truly longing for is not more connection, but more alignment within connection. Not just people to spend time with, but spaces where they can exhale. Where nothing needs to be filtered. Where they can be fully themselves without effort, without adjustment. If this resonates, you are not alone. This is not about being ungrateful or difficult. It is about becoming more attuned to yourself, your energy, and your truth. And often, that awareness begins quietly in the middle of a conversation, after a dinner or even in a feeling you can’t quite explain. The question is not, Are these the right friends? But: Where do I feel most like myself and am I allowing myself to move closer to that? Because true belonging isn’t created by proximity. It’s created in the moments where you no longer feel the need to edit who you are and realise you don’t have to leave parts of yourself behind to be accepted. And if something in you is beginning to notice this quietly, gently, it may be worth giving it space. Not to rush into change, but to listen more closely to yourself and to what more aligned, honest connection might begin to look like in your life.

Friendship sits at the core of a meaningful life - it’s not just a “nice to have,” it’s essential

By Nick Jonsson – Supervised Counselor and Executive Coach • April 30, 2026
Friendship sits at the core of a meaningful life - it’s not just a “nice to have,” it’s essential  Over the years, I’ve done a lot of work on myself, and that has naturally changed how I show up in my friendships. In the past, I might have been more focused on what I could get from relationships. Today, it’s very different. Now, it’s about being of service. It’s about being present, listening deeply, and showing up consistently for the people who matter. For me, being a good friend means being there not only in the good times, but especially when someone is struggling. It means putting the phone away, giving full attention, and truly hearing what’s being said - and sometimes what’s not being said. This is something I also bring into my coaching and therapy work. I often ask clients to reflect on their friendships - how healthy they are, where they feel supported, and where things may be broken. Because the truth is, we cannot go through life carrying unresolved friendships. If something is broken, we need to take responsibility, make amends, and do the work to make it right. There’s powerful research from Dr. Robert Waldinger that shows how critical relationships are to our wellbeing. In fact, a lack of meaningful connection has been compared to smoking 14 cigarettes a day. That’s how serious this is. So friendship is not just about connection - it’s about health, longevity, and the quality of our lives. Today, I focus on a small circle of real, authentic relationships. People I can be honest with. People who hold me accountable. People I can support, and who support me in return. At the end of the day, it’s simple - be the friend you wish you had. Show up. Listen. Care. And when something is broken, have the courage to fix it.

The Beauty and Complexity of Family: Healing the Flow of Love

By Aki Tsukui (Leadership & Systemic Coach) • April 2, 2026
Family is often where love begins. It is our first experience of connection, belonging, and identity. Within the family system, we learn how to give and receive love, how to relate to others, and how to see ourselves in the world. At its best, family can be a place of deep nourishment: a source of strength, safety, and unconditional support. And yet, for many of us, family can also feel complicated. There may be moments of tension that seem disproportionate, patterns that repeat across generations, or emotional burdens that are difficult to explain. We may find ourselves reacting in ways we don’t fully understand, feeling responsible for others in ways that feel heavy, or struggling to step into our own lives freely. This is because family is not just about the people we see. It is also about the invisible threads that connect us across generations. The Hidden Dynamics of Family  Every family system carries a history. Alongside love, there may also be unresolved grief, unspoken pain, losses that were never fully processed, and experiences that were too overwhelming to be integrated at the time. These experiences do not simply disappear. Instead, they often live on within the system, quietly shaping the dynamics of future generations. This can show up as what we call entanglements—where one family member, often unconsciously, carries emotions, roles, or burdens that do not fully belong to them. For example, a child may feel an unexplained sadness that mirrors a grandparent’s unresolved grief. Someone may take on the role of “holding the family together,” even at the expense of their own well-being. Others may struggle with relationships, self-worth, or a sense of belonging, without understanding the deeper roots of these experiences. These patterns are not signs that something is “wrong” with us. Rather, they reflect a deep loyalty to our family system. At an unconscious level, there is often a desire to remain connected, to belong, to honor those who came before us, and to ensure that no one in the system is forgotten. The Flow of Love In family constellation work, there is a concept known as the flow of love. Love, in its natural state, flows from those who came before to those who come after: from parents to children, and from ancestors to descendants. When this flow is unobstructed, it supports a sense of grounding, vitality, and ease. We feel supported by what came before us, while being free to move forward into our own lives. However, when there are disruptions, such as trauma, exclusion, or unresolved events, the flow of love can become blocked or distorted. For example: When a child feels the need to care for a parent emotionally, the natural order is reversed. When a family member is excluded or not acknowledged, others in the system may unconsciously “represent” them. When trauma is not processed, its emotional imprint may be carried by future generations. These disruptions are not caused by a lack of love. In fact, they are often expressions of love: just in forms that have become entangled. Understanding Intergenerational Trauma What we often refer to as “intergenerational trauma” is the transmission of emotional experiences, survival patterns, and coping mechanisms across generations. This can include: Loss and grief that were never fully expressed War, displacement, or migration experiences Family secrets or hidden histories Patterns of abandonment, rejection, or emotional absence Survival strategies that once served a purpose but are no longer needed These experiences can shape how individuals relate to themselves and others, often outside of conscious awareness. It is important to approach this with compassion. Our ancestors did the best they could with the resources they had. Many carried burdens that were too great to process at the time. What we experience today is often a continuation of those unfinished stories, not as a burden to blame, but as an invitation to bring awareness and healing. Family Constellation: Bringing the Invisible to Light Family constellation work offers a powerful way to explore these hidden dynamics. Through this approach, individuals are able to “map” their family system and observe the relationships, patterns, and entanglements that may be present. What is often revealed is not just personal, but systemic showing how individual experiences are connected to a larger family context. Another important principle in this work is that everyone belongs. This includes not only those we know and remember, but also those who may have been forgotten, excluded, or never spoken about—such as miscarried or aborted children, former partners, or family members who experienced difficult fates. Even if their stories were hidden or unknown, they remain part of the family system. When someone is excluded, the system often seeks balance by unconsciously including them through another member. Gently acknowledging and giving each person their rightful place allows the system to settle, restoring a deeper sense of harmony and connection. One of the most profound aspects of this work is that it allows what has been unseen to be acknowledged. When forgotten or excluded members are recognized, when grief is given space, and when each person is seen in their rightful place within the system, something begins to shift. The system moves toward balance. The flow of love is restored, not by changing the past, but by relating to it differently. Returning What Is Not Ours A key part of healing within the family system is learning to gently release what does not belong to us. This does not mean rejecting our family or disconnecting from our roots. Rather, it is about honoring our connection while allowing each person to carry their own experiences. This can look like: Recognizing when we are holding emotions that may not fully be ours Releasing the need to fix or carry others Acknowledging our parents and ancestors as they are, without needing them to be different Taking our place as the next generation, receiving life and moving forward There is a quiet strength in this process. It allows us to remain connected, while also reclaiming our own path. The Possibility of Healing Healing within the family system does not require perfection. It begins with awareness. As we become more conscious of the patterns we carry, we create space for choice. We are no longer moving purely from inherited dynamics: we are able to respond with intention, presence, and clarity. This is where transformation happens. When we restore the natural flow of love, we not only support our own well-being. We also create a shift for future generations. The patterns that once repeated can begin to soften. The burdens that were once carried can be laid down. In this way, healing is both personal and collective. Honoring Where We Come From Family is not always simple. It can be a place of great beauty and deep challenge. It can hold both love and pain, connection and complexity. To truly engage with family is to embrace both aspects: to honor the love that exists, while also acknowledging the parts that are difficult. When we do this with openness and compassion, we create the possibility for something new. We begin to relate to our family not just from habit or conditioning, but from awareness. And from this place, love can flow more freely supporting us as we step into our own lives, while staying rooted in where we come from. There is a quiet wisdom within every family system, always moving toward balance and wholeness. When we are willing to turn toward what has been unseen with openness and respect, healing begins to unfold in its own time and way. As the flow of love is restored, we find ourselves both deeply rooted and gently freed: able to walk forward in life supported by those who came before us, rather than bound by what was left unresolved. For those who feel called to explore this work more deeply, we offer Family Constellation sessions in a variety of formats, including in-person and online, as well as individual and group settings, creating safe and supportive spaces for this gentle yet powerful process of healing and reconnection.